What is Community-based Corrections and is it Effective Essay

What is Community-based Corrections and is it Effective - Essay Example The earliest American prisons were patterned after the English gaols which served as temporary places of confinement. The English gaols began to mushroom in England as places of confinement where prostitutes and beggars were beaten as punishment. The conditions in these gaols called bridewells were such that more prisoners died of sickness than execution. In 1779, the concept of penitentiary, a place where prisoners were given the opportunity to repent, was introduced by the prison reformist John Howard (Carlson & Garrett 2007 pp 7-8). Colonist America, together with Australia, later on became a place where the English threw their convicts. After the American Revolution however, new penal systems, not patterned after the English, were introduced. In the 1600s, William Penn, for whom Pennsylvania was named after, introduced the Great Law, a penal code which abolished all forms of capital punishment except for murder and advocated incarceration, fines and hard labor instead of violent punishments. After his death however, the previous Anglican Code of violent penalties reemerged until another prison reformer in the person of Benjamin Rush surfaced in the late 1700s and advocated the reformist point of view. The first prison group, the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, was created (Carlson & Garrett 2007 p 8). The first prison in the US was located in Simsbury, Connecticut and was called Newgate which emphasized punishment and labor but numerous riots and other disturbances forced it to shut down. With the advent of the prison reform movement advocated by the Quakers, the Walnut Street Jail was established. The new penal system, called the Pennsylvania system, took a humanitarian approach to punishment where reforming the convict became the purpose of incarceration. Solitary confinement to induce prisoners to contemplate and

3D printer Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3D printer - Lab Report Example There are several accessories required to use the equipment in the lab. An advanced slicing engine, the algorithm that directs a MakerBot Replicator, powers the machine. The materials used determine the product, but it is essential to understand the software and other computer applications that are required for the model before printing (3D Creation Lab). One also needs to select an appropriate polymer or business papers if one needs a durable prototype. The process for 3D printing is a lengthy process, but in the end, it turns digital designs into realism. It involves laying successive layers of materials using a computer, in an additive process that continues until one reaches the desired product in terms of geometry and shape. A computer aided design (CAD) package is used to design a model before the printing process (3D Creation Lab). After examining the design for manifold errors, one converts the model into thin layers, which designers tailor according to the type of printer. An inkjet printer head sets down material onto a powder bed in succession, through processes such as extrusion and